ROME, March 17, 2026 — Italy’s antitrust regulator has opened a market investigation into the fast-growing quantum computing sector, citing concerns over potential barriers to entry, market concentration and technological lock-in.
The Italian Competition Authority said the inquiry will examine how competition is evolving in quantum computing, an emerging technology expected to transform the processing of complex problems across industries such as cybersecurity, biotechnology, materials design and financial services.
The authority highlighted the rapid expansion of the sector, where traditional distinctions between hardware and software are increasingly blurred. The market includes both major global technology companies offering cloud-based services—potentially incorporating quantum capabilities—and smaller, often start-up firms developing specialised solutions.
Against this backdrop, the regulator warned of several potential competition risks. These include high economic and technological barriers to entry, limited access to specialised knowledge, and the possibility of “lock-in” effects that could restrict customer choice. It also pointed to the risk of “technological pre-emption,” where early movers secure dominant positions across the sector, particularly amid a surge in patent activity.
The investigation will also consider lessons from the rapid rise of artificial intelligence markets, where similar concerns around concentration and access have emerged.
The authority said the probe aims to provide an early assessment of the competitive landscape, given the scale of investment and strategic importance attached to quantum computing at both national and European Union levels.
Alongside the investigation, the regulator has launched a public consultation, inviting stakeholders to submit comments on the issues identified in the inquiry. Submissions can be made in Italian or English until April 30, 2026.
The findings of the market study are expected to inform potential future regulatory or enforcement action in the sector.
Source: https://en.agcm.it/en/media/press-releases/2026/3/IC59
